GIS property technician

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GIS Analyst, Modelling and Forecasting projects.

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An IDE (Integrated development environment) allows to:

• Search for the Geographic Information available for a geographic area, including the format, the form to access to it, and the metadata.
• Visualise and overlapping , maps, orthophotographies, DTM, any type of geographic data from different organizations, with different reference system defined, in different formats and heterogeneous properties.
• Search for a concrete geographic feature, by its name and where it is located within the cartography.
• Access the geographic features in a standard format, as well as its attributes coordinates, topology and geometry.
• Carry out basic analysis, such as routing, profile calculations an surface analysis.
• Carry out transformations from one data model to another one, if both data are described in an normalised form.
• Download the data needed to carry out a powerful analysis in a GIS desktop software.

We can say that SDIs were born in 1994, from the Executive Order 12906, of United States. From then, all the English-speaking countries followed this process of developing and displaying Geographic Information on Internet. Canada, Australia and New Zealand developed new SDIs.

From the INSPIRE Directive, all Europe has to have national SDIs. And then, countries from South America started to develop their own SDIs.

In a supranational sphere, several SDIs have been developed, such as: Permanent Committee for the Asian and Pacific SDI, the Permanent Committee for American SDI (PC-IDEA) and more SDIs for Africa. Lastly, the Global Spatial Data Infrastructure (GSDI) in an organization that keeps resources and activities (Website, forum and annual congress) for mantaining SDIs projects around the world.

Click on each one to access the SDIs:

What attributes does the Geographic Information have?

• Position: location of a concrete geographic feature in which a coordinate system is defined, as well as the cartographic projection (absolute position) and / or the reference points known regarding to the relative position. This Position answers to WHERE?
• Thematic variables or attributes:  provide the characteristics of a geographic feature. These variables answer to WHAT? HOW?
• Time: this sets the chronologic scale for a geographic event. It answers to WHEN?
• Spatial Relationships: these are referred to the types of connections among geographic features.
• Dimensions: allow the user to refer to the variety of geographic objects according to the considered dimensions, distinguishing among point objects (no dimensioned), lineal objects (one dimension), polygon objects (three dimensions) known as flat surface objects, and volume objects (three dimensions) (Santos, 2002).

From this, we can say that if you want to search for a concrete data, you should go first to your local government Webpage, and access to its SDI. If your data is not in that SDI, you should look at the SDI of the country, and if it still is not in that one, continue to a more global SDI. Nevertheless, don’t forget that there are another data resources that you can process in your computer, using a powerful GIS software, in order to obtain the results you want.

You can manage it by taking any of our courses, because we are professionals training professionals.

Our courses in LIDAR analysis will be able soon.

But first, we recomend you to take a look at our courses in ArcGIS, learning the basics and of course, being able to carry out vector analysis and, depending on which course you are studying, managing Raster data model.

• To get these steps, you can start from manipulating the data and understanding  the vector data model in our ARCGIS BEGINNER COURSE
• If you want to extend your knowledge for Raster data (all types of data which are considered as raster data, such as DTMs) you can study ARCGIS ADVANCED COURSE
• Otherwise, both studie are possible in our ARCGIS SPECIALIST COURSE , as well as an specific one in

Which are you interested in?

Finally, if you are using the ArcGIS software , or desire to get the knowledge for it, take a look at out course catalog here.

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1. Spatial Resolution: This is refered to a pixel size, in terms of ground dimensions. For instance, 30 meters of spatial resolution means that a pixel represents a 30m x 30m area; If the pixel has a rectangular shape and it represents a 56m x 79m area; and if we want to use a minimum size observation on the map (for 1 Ha – 100m x 100m ) a 30m of spatial resolution could be enough. Nevertheless, if it is necessary to identify tree’s tops, 3m x 3m aproximately, a resolution of 1m is required. So that the study area must be well-defined in relation of the satellite band.

2. Spectral Bands: Spectral Values of an image depend on three main characteristics: Number of bands, Situation of Bands (in terms of graphics) and Width of Bands. Then, depending on the study carried out (ground humidity, deforestation, etc) you will need to use an specific type of Band. This is provided by sensors, locating and classifying bands within the spectrum. There are specialized sensors for concrete functions. Finally, the width of Band corresponds to the group of wavelengths that it has. Number of Bands is also important, because it depends on the kind of classification of Bands (sometimes three Bands are enough; in other cases, we need more). Hyperspectral images displays more than 100 Bands.

3. History or Program (also said,  mission) of a concrete satellite: WHEN the program started and if it has already finished. This is quite important for temporary studies.  We can make huge mistakes, for instance, if we are carrying out studies of deforestation evaluations in a concrete place, as the satellite stopped providing images five years ago… Then, it is highly important to know how long a satellite program takes.

4. Period of the satellite: This is related to the orbit the satellite uses. This is also called temporary resolution, and it is quite useful in studies of  flooding detection. In this case, we will need high temporary resolution images. For instance, Landsat goes through the same point every 16 days taking a relative low temporary resolution. Some other satellites can modify the angle of the camera in case of not having a vertical position from the image area (Quickbird).

5. Costs: The more reolution and quality an image has,the more expensive it is. Of course, there are many free images, available for a wide user community.

Prices could be $ 50 /square kilometer, but multispectral images are more expensive.

We hope that this information has been useful for you.

Are you interested in GIS ? Please, contact us: training@trabajosyclasesgis.com

We are a Spanish company specialised in GIS and environmental consultancy as well as GIS Training.

Fill our form and you will have more information:

http://goo.gl/forms/My0SeJQ7iH

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Figure 1: Locating schools and metro stops

You will learn to exchange data between ArcGIS and other programs like AutoCAD.

Figure 2: Exchanging data between ArcGIS and AutoCAD 3D

You will also work with raster data, being able to carry out spatial analysis, calculate continuous surfaces from punctual data through interpolation, generating contour lines, slope maps, orientations and shadings, and developing visibility studies.

Figure 3: Obtaining annual radiation through interpolation and visibility study of a territory.

We will show you how to apply these concepts in hydrological analysis to obtain basins, calculation of volumes and modification of Digital Terrain Models.

Figure 4: Introduction of a quarry in DTM

You will learn to represent this generated information in a 3D scene, which will significantly improve the final result of your analysis.

Figure 5: Representing in 3D a visibility study and volume of extracted soil by a quarry.

You will be able to use Model Builder to automate ArcGIS tasks, saving you time.

Figure 7: Automating Model Builder tasks

Lastly, you will learn to manage the Network Analyst extension for network studies (transport, electric or water piping), being able to make advanced calculations on optimal routes between two given points, influence or service areas in the network, or find the closest installation to a series of elements that we will be defined according to our needs.

Figure 8: Calculate the optimal route between two points with Network Analyst in ArcGIS.

Quality training taught by professionals

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When working with several computers or users, you will need to export your map from one computer to another and, for doing so, you will need to create a layer package.

First of all, go here in your ArcGIS project:

• File > Map document properties
• Under Pathnames >  activate the box Store relative pathnames to datasource/ok option 

This will allow you to open your project in other workstations where files will be displayed properly.

Here, you will also be able to add the title and author name, or a map description.

Once activated, save you map file .mxd and layers under a same layer and it will be ready to transfer from one computer to another.

It is recommended to compress the folder with our files to simplify data interchange making its weight is smaller.

Another option is to create a layer package that includes the layer properties and the dataset indexed in the layer. With a layer package you save and share all information relative to the layer: symbology, tagging, field properties and data.

Select the layers that you are interested in from the Table of Contents pressing the following:

• Capital letters button > Right mouse click on top of the layer > Create layer package.

Here you can choose the location of the saved files and specify additional files that you would like to add to the layer package.

Don’t forget to add a description to each layer included to be able to create the layer package.

You must analyse the layer to be able to save it on the hard disk and share it on ArcGIS online. This action will validate that the layer has neither errors nor warnings.

Last of all, click on share to create the layer package and you will have a file with all data together and ready to be used in any workstation. In this example, named Layers_Madrid.

Other users will be able to add layer packages directly onto their maps without the need of knowing how to access the database or classify data.

Therefore, it has the advantage that its users won’t need to worry about the data source access from the computer where they come from.

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RECOMMENDED COURSE

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To create a fishnet grid using ArcGIS 10, let’s follow the next steps:

• Open Arcmap and once the coordinates system of the Data frame have been selected, open ArcToolbox.

• Select the tool Create Fishnet. This tool is located in Data Managment Tools > Feature class > Create Fishnet.

In the dialog box, first select the location of the file or shape of the grid. Then, you will have to define the following characteristics:

• Fishnet origin coordinate: these are the coordinates that definde the origin point of the gris. They correspond to the superior left corner of the grid (see following image)

• Y-axis coordinate: these are the coordinates of the point that define the Y-axis of the grid. They correspond to the inferior left corner of the grid (see following image)

• Cell size width

• Cell size height

• Number of rows

• Number of columns

• Grid geometry type: polyline or polygon (select polygon)

After executing the tool we will obtain the defined grid. These grids are very useful to create density maps for species spotted, mortality rates, etc. In the upcoming entries we will talk about creating density maps based on this type of grids so keep an eye!.

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We want to thank our followers, and in particular the ones that have demonstrated a special interest in taking courses in English with TYC GIS. You are one of the main reasons for having encouraged us to launch our English section and we are very excited with this project!

Being huge enthusiasts of GIS, we will share in this blog information related to GIS multiple applications, help so you can handle GIS tools as easy as possible, fresh news related to the sector, including remote sensing and cartography information.

For any feedback or if you want to reach us, please feel free to contact us through the following available platforms:

See you soon!

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